The Arabic Letters

ب // بـ ـبـ ـب B
ت // تـ ـتـ ـت T
ث // ثـ ـثـ ـث TH (as in Thin)
ج // جـ ـجـ ـج g (as in general)
ح // حـ ـحـ ـح H’ (tougher than H, as you drinking Hot)
خ // خـ ـخـ ـخ KH (as in Yacht)
د // د ـد D
ذ // ذ ـذ TH’ (as in That)
ر // ر ـر R
ز // ز ـز Z
س // سـ ـسـ ـس S
ش // شـ ـشـ ـش SH
ص // صـ ـصـ ـص S (as in S in Ask, British accent)
ض // ضـ ـضـ ـض D’ (tough D as in Dumb, Dull)
ط // طـ ـط T’ (tough T as in Trouble)
ظ // ظـ ـظ Z’ (tough Z)
ع // عـ ـعـ ـع A’ (Guttural A)
غ // غـ ـغـ ـغ GH (French R)
ف // فـ ـفـ ـف F
ق // قـ ـقـ ـق Q (as in Iraq)
ك // كـ ـكـ ـك K
ل // لـ ـلـ ـل L
م // مـ ـمـ ـم M
ن // نـ ـنـ ـن N
ه // هـ ـهـ ـه H
ا // ا ـا [ لا = ل + ا / الـ = ا + ل] A
ى // ى ـى (long like Hat- at the end of the word)
ة (ا / ت ) ـة ة A (some times) T!
آ = ء + ا // ـآ آ A (long like Hat)
ـَـ E (short like The/ driver
ء ‘ (Guttural stop like Ago)
‘A = ‘ + A (very long sound)
ي // يـ ـيـ ـي EE (long like Meet) / Y (like Yet)
ـِـ I (short like In)
و // ـو و O (long like Do) / w (like What)
ـُـ U (short like Put)

ـّـ // بّ = ب + بَ Shedde Double letters (the second letter will have short sound, like bbe/ bbi / bbu

ً ٍ ٌ Tenween Short sounds: a/ e/ o + n (like done, pin, lion)

Tip: In Arabic language (no capitals or smalls) you write the letter in three forms: at the beginning of the word, in the middle, at the end. As shown in the Example, the Letter S = س, in full black:
كتبت سارة في الكراس :خذ حذرك من تلك السيارة المسرعة